Long-Term Ensemble Forecast of Snowmelt Runoff with the Help of the Physics-Based Models of Runoff Generation

L. S. Kuchment and A. N. Gel’fan

Applicability of the physically based models of runoff generation has been shown for the long-term ensemble forecasts of snowmelt runoff volumes and peak discharges. For the deterministic forecast, the ensembles of runoff hydrographs have been modeled by different combinations of measured and calculated indices of the basin conditions on the date of the forecast issue and by the mean weather for the lead time of the forecast. For the probabilistic forecast, the ensembles of runoff hydrographs have been modeled either by the ensembles of weather, which were observed for the lead-time periods of different years, or by the ensembles of weather generated by the Monte Carlo method with the help of a stochastic weather generator. The criteria have been suggested to compare the effectiveness of the probabilistic forecasts of snowmelt runoff characteristics and peak discharges and the different forecasting approaches have been compared. The study has been carried out for the Seim and Sosna river basins.

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